{"id":173,"date":"2022-08-16T14:28:22","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T14:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blend.imm.medicina.ulisboa.pt\/?page_id=173"},"modified":"2022-08-16T14:54:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-16T14:54:10","slug":"abstracts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blend.imm.medicina.ulisboa.pt\/seminar-series\/laser-talks\/abstracts\/","title":{"rendered":"Abstracts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Abstracts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Joana Magalh\u00e3es | Opening up science<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

PT\/\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atualmente, est\u00e1 a ser estabelecido um novo modus operandi de ci\u00eancia aberta, onde entre outros, projetos que emergem de dentro das comunidades em vez de serem feitos para ou sobre elas est\u00e3o a tornar-se mais comuns. A co-cria\u00e7\u00e3o pertence a um espectro de pr\u00e1ticas participativas que est\u00e3o a ser exploradas como ve\u00edculos para promover a interdisciplinaridade e a inclusividade. Ao mesmo tempo, ao envolver as comunidades no processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de conhecimento, s\u00e3o inclu\u00eddas diferentes perspectivas, mudando os pap\u00e9is tradicionais de lideran\u00e7a e compreendendo as limita\u00e7\u00f5es da pr\u00f3pria \u00e1rea que podem levar a uma investiga\u00e7\u00e3o mais significativa e com maior impacto. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diferentes exemplos de projetos passados e em curso ser\u00e3o partilhados, concentrando-se em diferentes t\u00f3picos (por exemplo, sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o, clima), a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de meios digitais, o papel da comunica\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica e pr\u00e1ticas art\u00edsticas e sistemas de valores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EN\/\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently, a new modus operandi of open science is being set, where among others, projects that emerge from within communities rather than being made for or about them are becoming more common. Co-creation belongs to a spectrum of participatory practices that are being explored as vehicles to promote interdisciplinarity and inclusivity. At the same time, by involving communities in the knowledge production process, different perspectives are included, shifting the traditional leadership roles and understanding the limitations of one\u2019s area that can lead to more meaningful and impactful research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Different examples of past and ongoing projects are going to be shared, focusing on different topics (e.g. health, education, climate), the use of digital media, the role of science communication and artistic practices and value systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Cristin Millett and Cynthia White | Ex-Utero: The Future of Human Reproduction<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

PT\/\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qual \u00e9 o futuro da reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o humana? Estamos preparados para controlar completamente, e at\u00e9 mesmo para conceber intencionalmente todo o nosso processo reprodutivo. Esta evolu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 impulsionada pelos recentes avan\u00e7os cient\u00edficos. Come\u00e7ou com o advento de contraceptivos facilmente acess\u00edveis e mudou ainda mais com o desenvolvimento da fertiliza\u00e7\u00e3o in vitro. O Diagn\u00f3stico Gen\u00e9tico Pr\u00e9-Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o significava que os futuros pais tinham conhecimento pr\u00e9vio e alguma supervis\u00e3o sobre a sua propaga\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em breve, descobertas recentes podem significar que os pais podem programar express\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas espec\u00edficas e at\u00e9 predeterminar tra\u00e7os na sua progenitura. Apenas a incuba\u00e7\u00e3o de 9 meses no \u00fatero feminino tem ainda de ser suplantada pela tecnologia. Quebrar esta barreira final significa embarcar num caminho sem precedentes – a desumaniza\u00e7\u00e3o do processo reprodutivo humano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como Bolseira Fulbright e Artista Residente na SymbioticA da Universidade da Austr\u00e1lia Ocidental (UWA) em 2020, Millett explorou a ci\u00eancia da ectog\u00e9nese, o aumento ou substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do \u00fatero fecundo por uma m\u00e1quina. O termo “ectog\u00e9nese”, o desenvolvimento extracorp\u00f3reo de um embri\u00e3o num \u00fatero artificial, foi cunhado em 1924 por um geneticista, J.B.S. Haldane, que previa um futuro em que os seres humanos fossem perpetuados atrav\u00e9s de \u00fateros sint\u00e9ticos implantados com espermatoz\u00f3ides e \u00f3vulos geneticamente “superiores” pr\u00e9-seleccionados. O conceito foi popularizado no Admir\u00e1vel Mundo Novo (Aldous Huxley, 1932) que retrata uma distopia fict\u00edcia com reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o controlada pelo governo atrav\u00e9s de clonagem e ectog\u00e9nese. Uma vez visto como rebuscado, esta mecaniza\u00e7\u00e3o e produ\u00e7\u00e3o em massa do processo de nascimento passou para a ci\u00eancia convencional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O primeiro avan\u00e7o significativo ocorreu em 1986 quando Yoshinori Kuwabara da Universidade de Juntendo (Jap\u00e3o) concebeu um sistema de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o fetal extra-uterino, um recipiente em forma de caixa cheio com um l\u00edquido amni\u00f3tico artificial, para gestar cabras fetais com sucesso. Em 2017, um grupo liderado pelo Dr. Matthew Kemp (UWA) publicou uma pesquisa no The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, detalhando como controlar a gesta\u00e7\u00e3o de um borrego prematuro num sistema extracorp\u00f3reo inteiramente feito pelo homem. A terapia ambiental uterina ex vivo, designada por EVE, \u00e9 uma plataforma artificial de suporte de vida uterina que fornece troca de g\u00e1s atrav\u00e9s do cord\u00e3o umbilical, eliminando assim os efeitos nocivos dos ventiladores nos pulm\u00f5es subdesenvolvidos. A terapia EVE do Dr. Kemp, testada em cordeiros prematuros removidos por cesariana, prolonga o per\u00edodo de gesta\u00e7\u00e3o para beb\u00e9s extremamente prematuros no limiar de viabilidade (22-23 semanas). Embora um objetivo louv\u00e1vel neste contexto, a quest\u00e3o n\u00e3o respondida \u00e9 se as poss\u00edveis extens\u00f5es desta tecnologia inovadora receberam n\u00edveis apropriados de escrut\u00ednio \u00e9tico e legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com Cynthia White e em consulta com Ionat Zurr (UWA), a equipa ir\u00e1 analisar, descelularizar e moldar uma placenta humana. O objetivo \u00e9 criar um \u00fatero artificial, usando um saco biol\u00f3gico de polietileno, cheio com um fluido amni\u00f3tico de meios ricos em nutrientes. A incubadora transparente permitir\u00e1 aos telespectadores observar o interior do \u00fatero, revelando um simulacro de uma placenta semeada com c\u00e9lulas vivas e em crescimento. A obra de arte escult\u00f3rica, provisoriamente intitulada Ex-Utero, suscitar\u00e1 perguntas e conversas sobre o impacto s\u00f3cio-cultural da ectog\u00e9nese, uma ci\u00eancia com enormes implica\u00e7\u00f5es que mudar\u00e1 o futuro da humanidade. Como cineasta, White documentar\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m o processo de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica e art\u00edstica com o objetivo de produzir um document\u00e1rio que oferecer\u00e1 uma estrutura visual para questionar tais avan\u00e7os tecnol\u00f3gicos na medicina e o seu impacto na humanidade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EN\/\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the future of human reproduction? We are poised to completely control, and even willfully design our entire reproductive process. This evolution is driven by recent scientific advances. It began with the advent of easily accessible contraceptives and further changed with the development of in vitro fertilization. Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis meant that prospective parents had foreknowledge and some oversight over their propagation. Soon, recent breakthroughs may mean that parents can program specific genetic expressions and even predetermine traits in their progeny. Only the 9-month incubation in the female uterus has yet to be supplanted by technology. Breaching this final barrier means we embark on an unprecedented path – the dehumanization of the human reproductive process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a 2020 Fulbright Scholar and Resident Artist at SymbioticA at the University of Western Australia (UWA), Millett explored the science of ectogenesis, the augmentation or replacement of the fecund uterus by a machine. The term \u201cectogenesis,\u201d the extracorporeal development of an embryo in an artificial womb, was coined in 1924 by a geneticist, J.B.S. Haldane, who envisaged a future where humans were perpetuated via synthetic uteruses implanted with pre-screened, genetically \u201csuperior\u201d sperm and eggs. The concept was popularized in Brave New World (Aldous Huxley, 1932) which depicts a fictional dystopia with government-controlled reproduction via cloning and ectogenesis. Once seen as farfetched, this mechanization and mass production of the birthing process has moved into mainstream science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first significant breakthrough occurred in 1986 when Yoshinori Kuwabara of Juntendo University (Japan) designed an extrauterine fetal incubation system, a box-like container filled with an artificial amniotic fluid, to successfully gestate fetal goats. In 2017, a group led by Dr. Matthew Kemp (UWA) published research in The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, detailing how to control the gestation of a premature lamb in an entirely man-made, extracorporeal system. Ex vivo uterine environment therapy, dubbed EVE, is an artificial uterine life support platform that provides gas exchange via the umbilical cord, thereby eliminating the harmful effects of ventilators on underdeveloped lungs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Kemp\u2019s EVE therapy, tested on premature lambs removed via C-Section, extends the gestation period for extremely premature infants at the threshold of viability (22-23 weeks). While a laudable goal in this context, the unanswered question is whether possible extensions of this innovative technology have received appropriate levels of ethical and legal scrutiny. In collaboration with Cynthia White and in consultation with Ionat Zurr (UWA), the team will scan, decellularize, and mold a human placenta. The goal is to create an artificial uterus, using a polyethene biobag, filled with an amniotic-like fluid of nutrient-rich media. The transparent incubator will allow viewers to peer into the interior of the womb, revealing a simulacrum of a placenta seeded with living, growing cells. The sculptural artwork, tentatively entitled Ex-Utero, will prompt questions and conversations about the socio-cultural impact of ectogenesis, a science with enormous implications that will change the future of humanity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a filmmaker, White will also document the biological and arts research process with the aim of producing a documentary that will offer a visual framework to query such technological advances in medicine and their impact on humanity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abstracts Joana Magalh\u00e3es | Opening up science PT\/\/ Atualmente, est\u00e1 a ser estabelecido um novo modus operandi de ci\u00eancia aberta, onde entre outros, projetos que emergem de dentro das comunidades em vez de serem feitos para ou sobre elas est\u00e3o a tornar-se mais comuns. A co-cria\u00e7\u00e3o pertence a um espectro de pr\u00e1ticas participativas que est\u00e3o … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":15,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"views\/template-900.blade.php","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nAbstracts - Blend<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blend.imm.medicina.ulisboa.pt\/seminar-series\/laser-talks\/abstracts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Abstracts - Blend\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstracts Joana Magalh\u00e3es | Opening up science PT\/\/ Atualmente, est\u00e1 a ser estabelecido um novo modus operandi de ci\u00eancia aberta, onde entre outros, projetos que emergem de dentro das comunidades em vez de serem feitos para ou sobre elas est\u00e3o a tornar-se mais comuns. 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